Shelter Feeding Guidelines. No, Once A Day IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH

One of the most furiating cost saving measures I heard about at the Humane Society of Harford County, is that they reduced the feeding schedule to once a day as a cost saving measure.

Here are the recommendations from the experts; What we call "best practice" standards.

Journal of Shelter Medicine and Community Animal Health Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters- 2x daily

https://jsmcah.org/index.php/jasv/article/view/42/20

The amount and frequency of feeding vary depending on life stage, species, size, activity level, health status of the animal, and the particular diet chosen. Ideally, healthy adult dogs are fed twice daily, and cats are fed multiple small meals or allowed to forage throughout the day. When managing starved animals or those with unique nutritional needs, veterinary input must be sought. Healthy puppies and kittens as well as lactating and pregnant animals must be fed small amounts frequently or have food available through the day (i.e. free-choice).

ASPCA PRO for Shelters- 2x

Feeding Frequency 

All animals should be fed on a predictable schedule to provide enrichment, reward, and to reduce stress. Ideally, all animals are offered food at minimum twice daily with food intake monitored throughout the day. Uneaten food should be discarded and replaced at least every 24 hours.  

• In breeds like deep-chested or large breed dogs, feeding two smaller meals may reduce risk of life-threatening bloat and gastric torsion which occurs when an animal eats quickly and takes in excessive air.  

Best friends- 2x daily

Should you change your dog’s diet over the course of his or her life?

You should change your dog’s diet according to age and special needs requirements. Most puppies are eating dry puppy food by six weeks of age; they need three or four small fresh meals offered throughout the day. At six months, puppies can go down to two meals per day.

https://bestfriends.org/pet-care-resources/feeding-your-dog#:~:text=Most%20puppies%20are%20eating%20dry,his%20growth%20through%20diet%20change.

Why is feeding twice a day so important?

These animals are under a high degree of stress, much higher than a normal at-home-couch-potato dog. They need extra calories. Even if they don't "look" stressed, they are. It is a noisy, bustling place. Lots of people, animals, noise. Think of being in a county holding facility, I guarantee your gi tract is going to tell you that your body is stressed. 

These dogs look forward to food. Because, they are hungry, if they aren't so stressed out that they are nauseous. Then the whole catabolic body system forces the immune system into overdrive. Ever wonder why disease runs a much higher risk to shelter animals? This is part of the equation.

Some dogs are so hungry that they resource guard. They are under great scrutiny at the shelter to be deemed "safe for adoption." Some of these dogs are just afraid of losing their food so they guard it. Want to know how many animals are euthanized at the shelter due to behavioral issues? I don't because I am worried this current feeding schedule will exacerbate the aggression/fear/anxiety. 

Hand Holding Anxiety. When You Love Too Much It Costs.

 Hand-holding vs. confident and competent?

Izzy takes a ride with Allie.

It occurred to me that as much as I hope to practice for the latter I see a lot of the former. Maybe I attract it?

Maybe I market it,,, albeit unknowingly.

Questions about intentions from the newest rescue we are helping.
This little one is about 10 weeks old and was rescued from a dump in deep Kentucky.
She had an ultrasound and some questions about the size of our position pillows.

The issue is not that one is better, or worse, than the other. The issue is that I am not as adaptive as I hope to be, or know others hope me to be. The issue is that I am too sensitive, too driven and too insanely compelled to practice for the benefit of the patient and forget to tailor my delivery to the client.

 The real issue is that I forget I am merely an extension of the leashes many avenues, and not the patients only resource to recovery. 

Teddy. TPLO surgery last Wednesday.
All sweetness and a pinch of Border Collie anticipation.

Yesterday was an example of this. Yesterday was Lilly. A bubbly, bouncy curly ginger girl who has had multiple trips to the ER and multiple trips to my clinic for her waxing waning intermittently, self-described as "violent" vomiting and diarrhea. She is owned by two doting millennials. The kind that the vet journals remind me to both recognize and cater to. They are the new generation of my bread and butter. They love their pets in place of having children and they will both spend for them and advocate for them. These are the couples with sets of pet outfits, all personally monogrammed with the family crest, one for each member. One for each holiday, each gathering and always captured in holiday post cards. They have vacations designed around "pet friendly" parameters. They are new parents who jump and take notice at the first sign of illness, discontent, or dismay. They are what I want every pet parent to be, not withstanding the narrow age bracket to remind me I still live in a rural place where people on farms still refer to all species with a prefix denoting "farm use." (The labels can literally kill you around here).

Skylar, also a TPLO surgery Wednesday.
The eyes, they always get me.
I spend a significant amount of my work day reassuring.

Lilly's mom arrived in her work clothes. A clean, dark, pet hair free, (I cannot remember the last time I had one of those outfits, likely never) pencil skirt, with mid-heeled black leather shoes,  and a tight fitting ruched shirt to match. She must work in an office where professional image matters, I think. I have yet to ever live that life,,, (and, yes, there is a side of me that is jealous about that). Compared to my professional attire which included; poorly matched scrubs, upper and lower hemispheres, and not-at-all comfortable, (nor supportive) sneakers with the laces untied dragging behind me swinging to and fro collecting hairball tumbleweeds as they traversed. I was reminded of the hazards by everyone I passed and still was too tired, too painfully arches in agony, to correct them. I have considered adding slippers, or Crocs, (I cannot believe I am here), to my wardrobe as the days get soo long I am reminded my body is decaying. Lilly's mom was intense, apologetic and fretful. Her dog is just over a year old and she has been to the vet a dozen times for the same thing. She is also, in quiet, subtle undertones, worried about the current place her vet bills lie and what the road ahead will look like to for retirement account if she stays on the current path for another decade.

It was 730 pm. We close at 8. I had fit her in after her call at 630 pm begging to be seen for her dogs "vomiting and diarrhea all over the place for the last 3 days." I had been in the clinic all day, 12 hours, and I was,,, done. Toast. And I know it.

I was exhausted. And now I have Lilly in front of me, with her worried mom,, and I am asking myself if I can see just one more case today? I remind myself silently that this, this profession, this day, and yes this moment,, is not about me. There are times, many times, and many days like this, where I am a bag of bones with untidy shoes, urine/fecal stained scrubs and a belly soo dehydrated and hungry I cannot adequately focus, nor separate myself from the clock calling me to close. I had arrived at the clinic at 8 am. I have not had a meal of any sort, nor sat down, nor taken a break to clear my cluttered head. There were 11 surgeries today. Two of which were my own pets. (Let's talk about how difficult that is). Then pile it on top of a day like this. I remind myself there won't be anything left of me to cremate when the burner expires within. I know this. I push my nose deeper into the ground and flex all fours to plow on. 

"Lilly's exam looks fairly normal." I reply. Lilly is now cowering behind her mom. She is drooling with anxiety and really wants me to go away. Pet hair free and upright on her kitten patent leather heels she asks me, "Why does this keep happening? And, how do we stop it?"

It's 745. That answer could take another 12 hours. 

Gunner, using the almost infallible tactic of,
"I'm too cute to ask to participate in an exam" ploy.

"Well, we have never gotten her a diagnosis. We are always treating the emergency and never investigating the in between times that might be leading her to this." I reply.

It's 750 pm. I sit down. I have to. I look up and meet her moms eyes. This was not the answer she wanted.

"Again, thank you for seeing me today. For fitting me in."

"You are welcome. I know you are worried." I suspect she is also worried about needing the ER, having to repeat an overnight stay. The x-rays, blood work, and ultrasound. Never mind the barium study. All of these have been done. And all were normal. 

"Maybe it would be helpful to keep a journal?" I suggest. Something for us to better understand what is happening between her visits? She is a normal weight. Normal size, normal coat. A picture of a healthy dog, but,,,, (bracing myself here),,, she is nervous. Mom is nervous. Is everyone in this household nervous? Stressed? How much exercise does she get? There is a direct correlation between dogs who play, act, and remain happy independent of their parents. I suspect she is a single pet in a perfectly doting home and maybe this isn't beneficial to her gi tract?

I suspect too much love is not what her inner self needs to grow up feeling confident, calm and content with the world she lives in. Good news is there is not an expensive diagnostic for that... just some difficult conversations and a few transitional anti-anxiety medications.. and,, "have you considered another dog?"

Pumpkin is waking up for a mega-dental extraction dental..
very common in older dachshunds.

Lilly is like so many cases I see everyday. I am never sure how problematic a medical problem is when I am not sure that the environment is influencing the clinical signs. Can you love a dog too much? Yes, when you complicate the problems with perception, actions and off setting the balance every life needs. That balance of allowing your pet to be who they are and not needing to live in the shadow of who you are and what you expect them to be. Feeding; the dilemma of feeling desperate to have your pet be happy with their meals, eat as much as you think they should be, and not buckling to offer them anything they find interesting,, too often poor quality, and too often ever changing as we chase the palatability compulsion. When I was in Ukraine rescuing dogs and cats I had a Romanian vet remind me that I needed to chill about the constant feeding concerns for the 12 animals we had transported in the car for the last 20 hours. He reminded me "that in the wild dogs might not eat for days." I wondered to my exhausted, cooked self if that included the stress of a tiny cage shoved in a tiny car running from wars? I loved those animals so much it will be the PTSD I never can shed about that broken place with all of its too many heartbreaking tales.

Get Your Pet Ready For Fourth Of July!

Did you know that more dogs are lost on the Fourth of July than any other day of the year?

All of that booming, crashing, flashing lights and chaos is the equivalent of the apocalypse to your pet. (Remember they can hear much better than we can and they are not expecting the sky to light up and crash around).

Here are my tips for preparing you and your pet for a safe, uneventful Fourth Of July!

1. Keep your pet at home and AWAY FROM FIREWORKS! They scare them to pieces.
2. Keep your pet with you, leashed to you, or in your house, at all times when loud noisy activities are going on.
3. Use a reflective collar to alert motorists should your pet be out at night. Motorists often are not looking down, and if your pet gets loose the reflective collar might save their life.
4. Have your pets information on their collar. I like to embroider my phone number on their collar, so that if a tag falls off the information is still there, but there are also metal plates that can be mounted on a pets collar. 
5. Have your pet micro-chipped.
6. Have a tag on the collar with your pet's name, your phone number and "MICROCHIPPED" written on it, (if your pet is micro-chipped).
7. Assume your pet will over react to loud noises and be prepared for it. Any gunfire, fireworks, or even overhead airplanes can cause a pet to run. if you hear any loud noises look at your pet. If they are looking scared, perplexed, or anxious get them inside or on a leash immediately.
8. If you are inside and your pet is looking fearful place them in a safe, enclosed, secure space. The smaller the better (most pets feel safer in a small contained area like a cage versus a room). 
9. If they are still feeling overwhelmed by the noises, try to dampen them by placing a blanket over the cage to block out the noise.
10. If your pet is calmer with you then keep them next to you. Don't intensify their fear by baby-talking to them. This will often reinforce their fear. If they think that you are afraid too it will just  compound their insecurity. Be kind and gentle but not afraid.
11. Keep pets away from windows. I have seen dogs jump through a window to run.
12. For any pet that has had an issue with thunderstorms, or fireworks, etc. in the past, once they have a fear then they will likely have it forever. Expect this and prepare for it. Ask your vet for help with dealing with fear based anxiety issues. Most behavioral issues worsen and intensify with time. Expect this and prepare for it after the first occasion.
13. See your veterinarian about medications to help with fear and anxiety. But remember they need to be in your pet about 30 minutes before they need them. For thunderstorms this is often hard to time correctly. For fireworks give your pet the medication about 45 minutes before night fall.
14. Even with training to try to ease their fears (we call it conditioning) the chance of them over reacting to a threatening stimuli is present. There are things to try that might help. I would encourage you to try them. See a behaviorist and your vet for help in addressing your pets fears.

Be Safe Everyone! 

Related Posts;

The Fourth Of July, AKA, Your Pets Version Of The Apocalypse.

Keep Cool Through The Dog Days Of Summer.

If you have a pet question you can ask it for free at Pawbly.com. You can also answer questions, meet other pet parents, brag about your pets and join the community dedicated to caring for pets.

Or find me on Twitter @FreePetAdvice, or in the clinic at Jarrettsville Vet.

Fourth Of July. Your Pets Idea Of The Apocolypse

We all like happy endings. Unfortunately, life doesn't always hand them to us.

It was a quiet catch up day at home. It is early summer and we have a few monumental projects underway on our old house. Most of our weekends get one weekend day dedicated to renovations. Today was "gut the old kitchen" day. Eight years I have waited to take a sledge hammer to the red grouted hideous horror that was our postage stamp kitchen. The doors were open, the dust, debris, and busted up interior circa 1970 kitchen was headed to its final resting place when around noontime an  unknown truck drove slowly, almost tentatively, down our long drive.

I went out to meet a 'more formal than from around here' guy who cordially asked "if I had seen a dog?"

My heart went out to him immediately.

He was apologizing for interrupting my day and trespassing our demo-zone.

We live in the country down a long forgotten looking drive to keep the Amish gawking tourists out. He, like every other motorist who has driven our drive, thought we were just a farm trail. I walked to his truck to try to ease his concerns and to slow him down so I could gather the information fast enough to be able to help. His stress, fear, and worry were palpable. I have seen this parental worry for an in-danger pet more times than I can count. I have been there, and I empathized completely!.

The celebration of the Fourth of July is the mid-summer kick off marked by loud noises, incredible fireworks displays, heat, humidity, and food. For our pets, and those of us veterinarians who serve them it, symbolizes heat exhaustion, heat stroke, death due to hyperthermia and dehydration, hit by car emergencies, pancreatitis from over indulgence, gastric/intestinal obstructions from ingestion of inappropriate foods and lost pets due to running away from the fear of those loud noises.

The next few blogs are going to focus on these Fourth of July fiasco's that I hope you and your family can avoid by learning from other peoples pet emergency stories.

After a few awkward moments of trying to convince our visitor that we were not upset about his visit, or taking up our time, I was able to collect a few details about his plight.

He introduced himself as Chris and told me that he was visiting his brother with his dog.

"My dog ran away from my brother's house. He lives at the end of the road that is off of your drive. I think that his property is adjacent to yours over the cornfields." Chris said.

"Oh, yes, I know the house." I said, as the crow flies it is about a mile away. "When did he run away?" I asked.

"At about ten a.m. He is an 8 year old male Golden Retriever, he has a collar and tags, and he is micro-chipped." It was a little after noon now.

Thank-god, I thought! A micro-chip is such a relief to have when your pet gets lost. If your pet is found and if that someone tries to find you the microchip is the best way to do this. (Important point, if your pet is micro-chipped have your vet scan for it, check that the number the scanner reads matches the number you have on their records, and call the micro-ship provider to make sure that the information they have is up to date and correct. A micro-chip is only useful if it can find you).

"What is his name?"

"Teddy."

I introduced myself and told him that I would call the local emergency and veterinary clinics to notify them, in case anyone brought in his dog (run-away's do get hit and some people think, erroneously, that if they hit a pet that they will be held financially responsible for this..YOU WILL NOT..but please never leave an injured pet behind)..see my blog on Emergency Kit and Emergency Procedures. Please call for help, or bring an injured pet (if you can do so safely and without further injuring the pet AND without injuring your self), to the nearest emergency clinic. I also told Chris that I would post Teddy on our clinic's Facebook page.

Chris thanked us and drove away saying he was going to keep driving around looking for Teddy.

I made my calls to all of the local clinics and left my number as the contact person.

There are a few big advantages to living in a rural country setting. One is that I know everyone in the small veterinary world around me..I asked every clinic to spread the word and told them I was posting an Amber Alert on our clinics Facebook page, and I asked that they all share it.

Then I hit social media. One of the key factors in catching the Boston Marathon bombers was social media, it is by far the quickest way to spread the word and join massive numbers of people on a common mission.

A few minutes later Teddy's story was being shared by friends, family, clients, and neighbors.

My husband and I got in the Gator and headed into the corn fields, a leash and phone in hand. We traipsed in 4WD through the mud, the brush, the streams, and the fields searching for any sign of a red dog running. We tracked what I imagined to be about a 70 pound dogs' recent foot prints captured in the mud from the just rained on little dirt road that runs between the corn fields, but after two hours and a thousand lashes from the pricker bushes came home empty-leashed.

I texted Chris to see if  he had any luck, but only heard the torment in his down-trodden voice when he said, "Nope, still no sign of him."

At 6 pm I got a text from a good friend who was once our clinics groomer but was now stay at home mom, that another mutual friend of ours, and another old JVC employee now turned Animal Control Officer of our county, saying that she had received a call that someone who had picked up a dog running on Rte 851. State route 851 is our nearest big road..and I say big because people routinely travel this road at 60 plus mph. I immediately called her and got the name and number of the good Samaritan who had picked up the dog to hunt down the first and only lead we had so far on Teddy.

A minute later I was on the phone with Mary. She and her son were traveling in our neck of the woods and saw a red dog running west on 851. They stopped when no one else did, pulled up to him and opened their car door. Teddy jumped right in and they all headed home. Not having a dog of their own at home they stopped at the grocery store to pick up dog food. Mary told me that Teddy was now comfortable on the couch with her husband, and that although they had had plans for the evening she had decided to stay home with him to keep him company. Mary had alerted animal control, but they told her it would be Monday before they could do anything about him. So with a few days ahead of them they had all settled in together.

Mary was so kind, and generous, and she even offered to drive Teddy home. I thanked her and told her that she had likely saved his life. She said that no one else was stopping and that people were speeding around him..she knew she had certainly spared him from being hit.

I called Chris and gave him Mary's information, hoping that her stray was his.

What were the chances of a Golden Retriever on 851 and it not being the same dog? Hopefully, very slim.

Mary called me a few minutes later to say that Teddy was back with his dad. I once again thanked her.

Chris came by our house again to introduce Teddy and to say "Thanks."

We shared Teddy's story over a beer. I offered him a Loose Cannon, (ironically of course), and he offered me a bottle of wine.

It wasn't until now that Chris had the time or valor to admit the whole story to me.

He said that Teddy was at his brother and sister in-laws because his wife and kids were at State college for the day and she didn't trust him with Teddy alone. (Sorry, honey, but all wives who love their pets like kids feel this way). When he and Teddy had gotten to his brothers house he let Teddy out of the car to go down to the pond. A short time later off in the distance someone started firing off a rifle? or cannon? (I had heard it too, I think cannon), and it scared Teddy enough to set him running off into the corn fields.

Once a dog is spooked, and it can be from any abnormal, or loud, or different noise, they will run. Without a leash or a fence big enough to contain them they will go. They will not listen to a command and they will not think through their fear. It is a primal unstoppable fear based response.

The best way to protect your pet from the dangers of the noises that drive pets to run away is to:

1. Keep your pet with you, leashed to you, or in your house, at all times when loud noisy activities are going on.
2. Use a reflective collar to alert motorists should your pet be out at night. 
3. Have your pets information on their collar. I like to embroider my phone number on their collar, so that if a tag falls off the information is still there, but there are also metal plates that can be mounted on a pets collar.
4. Have a tag on the collar with your pet's name, your phone number and "MICROCHIPPED" written on it, if your pet is micro-chipped.
5. Have your pet micro-chipped.
6. Assume your pet will over react to loud noises and be prepared for it. Any gunfire, fireworks, or even overhead airplanes can cause a pet to run. if you hear any loud noises look at your pet. If they are looking scared, perplexed, or anxious get them inside or on a leash immediately.
7. If you are inside and your pet is looking fearful place them in a safe, enclosed, secure space. The smaller the better (most pets feel safer in a small contained area like a cage versus a room). 
8. If they are still feeling overwhelmed by the noises, try to dampen them by placing a blanket over the cage to block out the noise.
9. If your pet is calmer with you then keep them next to you. Don't intensify their fear by baby-talking to them. This will often reinforce their fear. If they think that you are afraid too it will just  compound their insecurity. Be kind and gentle but not afraid.
10. Keep pets away from windows. I have seen dogs jump through a window to run.
11. For any pet that has had an issue with thunderstorms, or fireworks, etc. in the past, once they have a fear then they will likely have it forever. Expect this and prepare for it. Ask your vet for help with dealing with fear based anxiety issues. Most behavioral issues worsen and intensify with time. Expect this and prepare for it on the first occasion.
12. Even with training to try to ease their fears (we call it conditioning) the chance of them over reacting to a threatening stimuli is present. There are things to try that might help. I would encourage you to try them. They include:

• Thundershirt. The Thundershirt is designed to snuggly around your pet like a shirt. These can calm a pet without drugs or training and they are very affordable. I am now using it on my 17 year old dog Savannah. It is helping her anxiety issues.

• Ask your veterinarian for a referral to a behaviorist to help in calming your pets anxiety by getting them more comfortable with it so they do not over react to it. 
• Ask your vet about anxiety medications. If your pet has a growing or worsening list of anxiety issues, or you are having issues with their behavioral changes, please talk to a veterinarian about long term medical therapies. There are many good, affordable, and effective treatments out there. take a leap of faith and try them. For many pets and their families it has made a world of difference. 
• Tagg. A GPS guided pet tracking device that mounts to your dogs collar. You can now follow your dog as they travel. Big brother is watching, and it can find your pet. Although I do not have this device, when Joe and I were trekking around the blackberry bushes getting slashed I was wishing that Teddy had Tagg. 

If you lose your pet start canvasing the area. Knock on every door, ask for help, call the local veterinarians, shelters, animal control, and hit social media. Leave information on your pet including, their age, breed, size, distinguishing marks, collar info, whether micro-chipped and if possible use a recent picture. Everyone may not help, but a few will, and a few can move mountains and make miracles.

If you find a dog that is injured help. You can seek local rescues, veterinarians, and public animal control. Be an advocate. Ask questions, and stay involved. In many cases an injured pet will be taken to an emergency clinic but if no one steps forward on their behalf their fate will be decided by others based on economics and accessibility. How would you feel if your pets fate was in someone else's hands?

If you find a pet that is not injured start asking everyone around the area that you found the pet if they know who's it is? Often a pet has not wandered far from its home. Try to find a safe place to stay with the pet for a few minutes. Their family is hopefully looking for them too, and they will be looking close to where the pet was lost.

If you can house the pet in the interim it takes to find their family you will keep that pet out of a shelter where chance of communicable disease and being lost in the system is appreciably diminished.

Any pet that has been running will likely be hot, tired, and thirsty. Here are some signs of heat exhaustion and intolerance. Signs of heat intolerance

A dog that has been outside in the heat for any amount of time, especially if they are running or fearful, can be at risk of hyperthermia.Death from hyperthermia

Teddy had been in the best hands possible. He was lucky and Chris was so relieved to have him back.

Teddy was reunited by the efforts of many caring people. From the Facebook post I made he was seen by over 6000 people. Many people shared his post, and many people were out looking for him. I am so grateful for their help, and I will work to find a way to have a national Amber Alert system in place to help other people find their missing pets. Until then please keep your pet with you and be proactive. They react with fear and this is the most dangerous time of year for lost pets.

Wishing you and your family a happy and safe Fourth of July!

Teddy and his very relieved dad.

If you have any pet questions, or would like to add anything to this blog please find me @Pawbly, or Pawbly.

I will be writing on intestinal obstruction next,..stay tuned.